Name: Hidetaka Fumiiwa

Thesis title: Changes in the intrinsic anisotropy due to the liquefaction of sand

Supervisor: Hirohumi Toyota

 The actual structure of the ground soil particles is, in most cases, anisotropic, due to the deposition and stress history of the ground. In order to have a rational design, we must understand that the effect of anisotropy in the soil structure should not be ignored. In the intrinsic anisotropy, that takes place during the deposition of particles, there is a state of induced stress. In this investigation I focused on the intrinsic anisotropy of the ground.
 Most of the time, the liquefaction strength has been found to be greatly affected by age (stress history, sedimentary structures, cementation, etc.). Based on the studies of previous authors, if the process of liquefaction is repeated, the consolidation ability would be lost, and without having a change in the structure of the specimen, the liquefaction ratio would be showing signs of a decrease even worse than the loss of stress. We can think of this as something caused by the change of this deposits, while the liquefaction of intrinsic anisotropy changes due to deposition. 
  The following list shows what I learned with this experiment.
1) I learned that the density of the specimen and the intrinsic anisotropy are strongly related.
2) I was able to confirm that the strength of the waste water increases if the density given by liquefaction is also increased. From this I understood that it doesnft matter if the phenomenon is presentAthe only thing that I need is to consider the influence of density.
3) In those regions where the strain is small (less than 1%) the deposition angle (a) is 0‹ (horizontally). Thus, the initial slope increases, resulting in a decrease in the deposition degree (a=90‹, vertically). I understood that the structure deposit changes by the effect of liquefaction. However, when the strain is increased the anisotropy found in liquefaction appears back.